apt-get howto

Ubuntu instaliuojame programas

apt-get howto

• apt-get check

  This command is a diagnostic tool. It does an update of the package lists and checks for broken dependencies.

• apt-get -f install

  This command does the same thing as Edit->Fix Broken Packages in Synaptic. Do this if you get complaints about packages with "unmet dependences".

• apt-get autoclean

  This command removes .deb files for packages that are no longer installed on your system. Depending on your installation habits, removing these files from /var/cache/apt/archives may regain a significant amount of diskspace.

• apt-get clean

  The same as above, except it removes all packages from the package cache. This may not be desirable if you have a slow internet connection, since it will cause you to redownload any packages you need to install a program.

  • The package cache is in /var/cache/apt/archives . The command

    du -sh /var/cache/apt/archives

    will tell you how much space cached packages are consuming.

apt-cache search 

This command will find packages that include .

dpkg -l **

This will find packages whose names contain . Similar to apt-cache search, but also shows whether a package is installed on your system by marking it with ii (installed) and un (not installed).

apt-cache show 

This command shows the description of package and other relevant information including version, size, dependencies and conflicts

dlocate 

This command determines which installed package owns . It shows files from installed packages that match , with the name of the package they came from. Consider this to be a "reverse lookup" utility.

In order to use this command, the package dlocate must be installed on your system.

dpkg -S 

This command does the same as dlocate, but does not require the installation of any additional packages. It is slower than dlocate but has the advantage of being installed by default on all Debian and Ubuntu systems

how to become linux admin

monitor system
pstree : show process tree
lsof : show a list of open files
dstat : system resources monitor
chkconfig : start stop system services

adminutils http://www.debianhelp.co.uk/adminutilities.htm

Here are things I think that anyone in the college right now and looking to become a sys admin can do. Note that I am focussing here mostly on the technical skills required.

1. Load Linux on your box - it does not matter which distribution you use. Differences between different Linux distribution is even less than you think. My personal recommendation is Ubuntu. However, if you can make Debian work on your hardware, that is the way to go.
2. Learn the package management of the distribution of your choice. By this I mean, you should be able to install, remove, reconfigure and locate the packages needed by your distribution.
3. Learn how to use the vim or the emacs editor
4. Most of the PCs today live in a network. Learn what a ip address is, what a gateway is and what a subnet is. Having a mental image of how the traffic flows in a network helps when you are trying to solve a network problem
5. Learn to write bash shell scripts
6. Learn how to use the awk, sed, cut, sort, uniq, tr and other small Linux shell utils
7. Write your own backup script
8. Learn how to use rsync, wget, ssh
9. You should have read (or at the least have glanced through) all the guides and how-tos available at tldp.org
10. Learn to read the syslog file
11. Learn what a daemon is and which daemons provide what services.
12. Learn the log files that each daemon creates and how to read them
13. Learn to configure samba and postfix. Both of these softwares appear to be quite complicated, but come with very extensive documentation. Another plus point of knowing them well is that you will find it easier to find freelance work. Most small companies want to have a mail service and a file sharing service and after the flood of worms specifically targeted towards Windows NT and 2000, have started to look at Linux for their needs
14. Learn how the email is actually delivered to a recipient, what is the difference between a mbox and maildir format and other intricacies of the email system. Use the postfix that you have configured to play around and see how different parts function. This page has a list of email standards that you might find useful to read
15. Learn to use tcpdump, ethereal and nmap.
16. Learn to configure Apache - specifically how to setup virtual hosts, what the core options in Apache are and how modules are added into Apache.
17. Learn to troubleshoot samba, postfix and apache

using terminal
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UsingTheTerminal

admin books, links http://forums.theplanet.com/index.php?showtopic=17732